What was the main outcome of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, signed in 1848, marked a significant turning point in U.S. history as it resulted in the acquisition of a vast amount of territory from Mexico. This treaty concluded the Mexican-American War, leading to the United States gaining lands that would later become the states of California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, and parts of Colorado and New Mexico. This expansion was in line with the concept of Manifest Destiny, which fueled American ambitions to spread across the continent. The acquisition had profound implications for the nation's development, setting the stage for debates over slavery in new territories and shaping America's geographic and political landscape.

While the other options present significant historical points, they do not relate to the primary consequences of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. The end of the Civil War, establishment of a border with Canada, and an economic alliance with Mexico do not directly connect to the territorial gains negotiated in this treaty.