What was one major effect of the Great Migration in the early 20th century?

One major effect of the Great Migration was the urbanization of African American communities in northern cities. During the early 20th century, particularly between 1916 and 1970, millions of African Americans moved from the rural South to urban areas in the North and West in search of better economic opportunities and to escape racial discrimination and violence. This migration significantly changed the demographic landscape of many northern cities such as Chicago, New York, and Detroit.

As African Americans settled in these urban environments, they often established vibrant communities that fostered cultural development, including notable contributions to music, art, and literature during the Harlem Renaissance, among other movements. This shift also led to the growth of institutions such as churches, schools, and businesses that catered to and supported these communities, thereby solidifying their place in urban society.

The other options presented do not accurately reflect the primary effects of the Great Migration. Increased immigration from Europe, while notable in other historical contexts, was not a direct consequence of the Great Migration. The establishment of new agricultural practices pertains more to rural developments rather than urbanization, and the decline of industrial jobs in the North is contradictive since the Great Migration initially saw many African Americans entering industrial jobs, contributing to urban economic growth.