What does the term "Gilded Age" refer to in U.S. history?

The term "Gilded Age" refers specifically to a time in U.S. history, roughly from the 1870s to the early 1900s, characterized by significant economic growth alongside political corruption and social issues. This era witnessed a stunning transformation in the American economy, as rapid industrialization led to substantial increases in wealth and the growth of industries such as steel, railroads, and oil. However, this wealth was not evenly distributed, creating stark contrasts between the affluent and the impoverished.

Moreover, the term "gilded" implies a thin layer of gold over a base metal, symbolizing how the outward appearance of prosperity masked deeper social issues, including rampant corruption, exploitative labor practices, and widespread inequality. During this time, political machines and corrupt politicians often manipulated the system for personal gain, which further highlighted the era's contrast between growth and ethical shortcomings.

In summary, the Gilded Age encapsulates the dual nature of this period: significant economic expansion coupled with serious social and political challenges, making it the hallmark of the era's historical significance.