What did the Arms Race during the Cold War primarily involve?

The Arms Race during the Cold War primarily focused on the escalation of military capabilities and the stockpiling of weapons by the United States and the Soviet Union. Both nations aimed to achieve superiority in nuclear arsenals and other military technologies, reflecting the intense rivalry and mutual distrust that characterized the period. This competitive build-up sought not only to deter potential attacks but also to project power and influence globally.

While the other choices touch on significant aspects of the Cold War era, they do not capture the core focus of the Arms Race. Economic competition and space exploration were important arenas of rivalry, as was the conflict in various Asian territories. However, the central theme of the Arms Race was the direct military buildup that defined the military strategy and security policies of both superpowers during this tense period in history.