What contributed to the end of apartheid in South Africa during the 1990s?

The end of apartheid in South Africa during the 1990s was significantly influenced by international sanctions and internal resistance, making this the correct answer.

International sanctions were crucial in applying pressure on the apartheid regime. In the 1980s, numerous countries and organizations imposed economic and cultural sanctions against South Africa, which aimed to isolate the country and create a sense of urgency for change. This international disapproval played a key role in forcing the South African government to reconsider its policies.

Internal resistance also contributed substantially to the dismantling of apartheid. Groups like the African National Congress (ANC), led by figures such as Nelson Mandela, organized protests, strikes, and acts of civil disobedience that mobilized the South African population against the discriminatory laws and practices of apartheid. The steadfastness of activists and the growing discontent among the populace highlighted the unsustainability of the apartheid system.

Together, these factors created a comprehensive movement for change, leading to negotiations for a new democratic constitution and the eventual election of Nelson Mandela as South Africa's first Black president in 1994. This transformation underscored the effectiveness of both international pressure and internal mobilization in driving systemic change within the country.